Première étape des rencontres régionales « Produisons l’avenir » de la filière bois - L’état de la filière forêt-bois dans les régions méditerranéennes françaises (Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur et Languedoc-Roussillon)

En septembre 2012 ont été lancées, par l’Etat et l’Association des Régions de France, les Rencontres régionales pour l’avenir du bois visant à mobiliser l’ensemble des acteurs des filières dans les territoires afin de dégager des pistes d'actions concrètes pour stimuler le développement des entreprises. Les diagnostics des filières forêt bois dressés pour les régions Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur et Languedoc-Roussillon en préalable à ces rencontres ont permis de souligner l’étendue et la variété de la forêt au niveau des territoires régionaux, l’abondance de la ressource en bois mais également son insuffisante mobilisation et valorisation, ainsi que le poids relativement modeste des filières bois régionales dans l’économie régionale. Ils ont également mis en exergue les principaux enjeux des filières bois dans les deux régions, dont le renforcement de la mobilisation des bois, la valorisation des bois locaux notamment dans la construction, le développement du bois-énergie et la diversification des débouchés des sous-produits du bois. Sur la base de ces diagnostics, quatre thèmes prioritaires ont été retenus dans chacune des régions et ont donné lieu à la tenue d’ateliers thématiques. En Languedoc-Roussillon, ces ateliers ont eu pour objectif premier de lever les freins au développement des TPE et PME. En Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, les débats ont porté majoritairement sur les problématiques de mobilisation et valorisation des bois locaux, et de constitution d’une interprofession régionale. Des propositions d’actions concrètes ont été formulées en vue de nourrir le plan national bois d’ici la fin 2013, ainsi que la Loi d’avenir pour l’agriculture, l’agroalimentaire et la forêt qui devrait paraître en début d’année 2014

Le programme national de la forêt et du bois (PNFB) et son adaptation régionale

En application de la loi d'avenir pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la forêt, un programme national de la forêt et du bois (PNFB) a été établi et approuvé par décret le 8 février 2017. Il fixe les orientations de la politique forestière, en forêt publique et privée, et ce pour une période de dix ans. Fondée sur une ressource renouvelable et gérée durablement, la filière forêt-bois a été désignée filière d’avenir : le PNFB fixe quatre objectifs ambitieux déclinés et adaptés par le biais d'un grand nombre d'actions concrètes. La loi d'avenir prévoit que le PNFB soit décliné à l'échelle régionale au travers de programmes régionaux de la forêt et du bois (PRFB). Ces derniers seront élaborés dans le cadre des commissions régionales de la forêt et du bois, co-présidées par le préfet de région et le président du conseil régional. L’arc méditerranéen constitue une entité géo-climatique confrontée à des problématiques communes. Afin de s’assurer de la cohérence des actions mises en œuvre et pour protéger plus efficacement cette forêt particulièrement exposée au changement climatique, une coordination des PRFB de l’arc méditerranéen devra être assurée

Valores e incivilidad escolar

Se aplica la temática general a la cuestión de la violencia escolar, apreciando el vacuo axiológico que causa la incivilidad escolar

City map of ancient Epomanduodurum (Mandeure - Mathay, Franche-Comté, eastern France) : contribution of geophysical prospecting techniques.

International audienceThis study presents the main results of the geophysical survey of ancient Epomanduodurum, at Mandeure-Mathay, Eastern France. In northeastern Gaul, Epomanduodurum is a site of a major scientific interest for the understanding of past settlements and territorial formation at the end of the Iron Age and during the Roman period. The site, including a Roman urban centre and two suburbs containing workshops, occupies more than 500 ha inside and beyond a meander of the River Doubs. From the beginning of survey in 2001, several methods (fast electrical imaging automatic resistivity profiling system, ground penetrating radar, magnetic and electromagnetic mapping) have been performed on a large scale in order to precisely identify the vast extent and structure of the Roman town. The interpretation of the geophysical data was carried out using a combination of different data sources, including ancient maps and excavations recently conducted on restricted areas. The overall organization of an artisan quarter of 8 ha was revealed along a main Roman road leading to the left bank of the River Doubs. On the other bank, a river fortification and a vast monumental religious complex were recognized in the southern part of the Roman town. The geophysical imaging shows that the sacred area includes several temples or groups of temples radiating from the theatre. Other new buried structures probably corresponding to annexes, chapels and altars were also detected within this sacred area of 10 ha bound on three sides by a wall enclosure with monumental passages. In a surveyed area of 70 ha, geophysical prospecting techniques provided a clear overall image of the Roman urbanism revealed through a rectangular road network and street system delimiting insulae of variable sizes. The detection along the River Doubs of buildings similar to storehouses attests to fluvial transport and also suggests the likely existence of a port. More generally, the combination on a large scale of geophysical prospecting, aerial photographs and excavations allowed a new plan of the urban structure of the ancient town of Epomanduodurum to be produced for an area of over 300 ha

Oblique-shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction using near-wall Reynolds-stress models

A synthesis is presented of the predictive capability of a family of near-wall wall-normal free Reynolds stress models (which are completely independent of wall topology, i.e., of the distance fromthe wall and the normal-to-thewall orientation) for oblique-shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions. For the purpose of comparison, results are also presented using a standard low turbulence Reynolds number k–ε closure and a Reynolds stress model that uses geometric wall normals and wall distances. Studied shock-wave Mach numbers are in the range MSW = 2.85–2.9 and incoming boundary-layer-thickness Reynolds numbers are in the range Reδ0 = 1–2×106. Computations were carefully checked for grid convergence. Comparison with measurements shows satisfactory agreement, improving on results obtained using a k–ε model, and highlights the relative importance of redistribution and diffusion closures, indicating directions for future modeling work

Integrating field, textural, and geochemical monitoring to track eruption triggers and dynamics: a case study from Piton de la Fournaise

The 2014 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (PdF), La Réunion, which occurred after 41 months of quiescence, began with surprisingly little precursory activity and was one of the smallest so far observed at PdF in terms of duration (less than 2 days) and volume (less than 0.4  ×  106 m3). The pyroclastic material was composed of golden basaltic pumice along with fluidal, spiny iridescent and spiny opaque basaltic scoria. Density analyses performed on 200 lapilli reveal that while the spiny opaque clasts are the densest (1600 kg m−3) and most crystalline (55 vol. %), the golden pumices are the least dense (400 kg m−3) and crystalline (8 vol. %). The connectivity data indicate that the fluidal and golden (Hawaiian-like) clasts have more isolated vesicles (up to 40 vol. %) than the spiny (Strombolian-like) clasts (0–5 vol. %). These textural variations are linked to primary pre-eruptive magma storage conditions. The golden and fluidal fragments track the hotter portion of the melt, in contrast to the spiny fragments and lava that mirror the cooler portion of the shallow reservoir. Exponential decay of the magma ascent and output rates through time revealed depressurization of the source during which a stratified storage system was progressively tapped. Increasing syn-eruptive degassing and melt–gas decoupling led to a decrease in the explosive intensity from early fountaining to Strombolian activity. The geochemical results confirm the absence of new input of hot magma into the 2014 reservoir and confirm the emission of a single shallow, differentiated magma source, possibly related to residual magma from the November 2009 eruption. Fast volatile exsolution and crystal–melt separation (second boiling) were triggered by deep pre-eruptive magma transfer and stress field change. Our study highlights the possibility that shallow magma pockets can be quickly reactivated by deep processes without mass or energy (heat) transfer and produce hazardous eruptions with only short-term elusive precursors.</p

Synthesis of novel mesoporous selenium-doped biochar with high-performance sodium diclofenac and reactive orange 16 dye removals

Abstract In this study, for the first time, a selenium-doped mesoporous biochar was prepared and efficiently employed for sodium diclofenac and reactive orange 16 dye adsorption. The characterization results indicated that selenium doping had a remarkable impact on Biochar-Se morphological and physicochemical structures. The efficacy of developed biochar samples on reactive orange 16 (RO-16) and diclofenac (DCF) removals was fully investigated. For both molecules (DCF and RO-16), Liu’s equilibrium model offered the best fitness with maximum adsorption capacity values of 355 mg g−1 for DCF and 538 mg g−1 for RO-16 for Biochar-Se. Multiple mechanisms including pore filling, π-π interaction, and hydrogen bonding between the Biochar-Se and DCF/RO-16 molecules were involved in the adsorption process. Se-nanoparticles formed metal–oxygen bonds, which boosted the adsorption of DCF and RO-16 molecules. The current work offered a feasible approach for the development of Se-doped biochar adsorbent that is incredibly effective in treating wastewater